Hooliganism includes any form of confrontation between opposing
football fans which can occur in a variety of ways before, during, or after the match either at the stadium or elsewhere.
Football hooliganism normally involves
conflict between gangs, in English known as
football firms, formed to intimidate and attack supporters of other teams. Participants often select locations away from stadiums to avoid arrest by the police, but
conflict can also erupt spontaneously inside the stadium or in the surrounding streets. This movement was born in the
working class of the '60s. It's simply workers who went to
football matches and
fight the enemy supporters to defend their
football club. At
… Read more first, the movement was not politicized, it justs lauded physical force and aggressivity. But then, the movement became political by joining the skinhead movement, which came to
football stadiums in order to recruit young workers to join the subculture. Riots, another component of
hooliganism, develop more frequently as
hooligans travel in firms, leading
hooligans to encounter one another more easily. As stadium policing increased, firms met in the streets or other public locations to dodge law enforcement, which enabled riots. The slogan ACAB (All Cops Are Bastards) is very popular among the
hooligan movement.
A.C.A.B. (All Cops Are Bastards) is an
acronym used as a political slogan associated with
radical activists who are opposed to the police. It is typically written as a catchphrase in
graffiti, tattoos, or other imagery in public spaces. It is sometimes numerically rendered as "
1312," representing the ordering of the letters in the alphabet. During the 1980s, ACAB became a symbol of anti-Establishment, especially within the
punk and skinhead subcultures. It was popularized in particular by the 1982 song "A.C.A.B." by Oi! band The 4-Skins. In later years, ACAB turned into a popular slogan among European
football hooligans and
ultras, and among anarchist and anti-authoritarian movements
… Read more across the world. In the wake of the May 2020 murder of
George Floyd by police officer Derek Chauvin, the use of the term A.C.A.B. became more frequently used by those who oppose
police brutality. As protests in response to Floyd's death and discussions about racially motivated
police violence spread through the
United States, A.C.A.B. was more frequently referenced on social media
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