Rosie the Riveter was an allegorical cultural icon of World
War II, representing the women who worked in factories and shipyards during World
War II, many of whom produced munitions and
war supplies. These women sometimes took entirely new jobs replacing the male workers who joined the military.
Rosie the Riveter subsequently became both a
feminist icon and the symbol of the emerging economic role played by women in the
United States. The most famous poster was "
We Can Do It!" Created for Westinghouse in 1942 by J. Howard Miller, whose model is Naomi Parker Fraley. This poster was stuck on the walls of the factory and those who went to work in the factories were called "Rosies".
Anarcha-
feminism combines
anarchism with
feminism. Anarcha-
feminism generally posits that
patriarchy and traditional
gender roles as manifestations of involuntary coercive
hierarchy should be replaced by decentralized free association. Anarcha-feminists believe that the struggle against
patriarchy is an essential part of class
conflict and the anarchist struggle against the state and capitalism. In essence, the philosophy sees anarchist struggle as a necessary component of
feminist struggle and vice versa. L. Susan Brown claims that "as
anarchism is a political philosophy that opposes all relationships of power, it is inherently
feminist". Anarcha-
feminism is an anti-authoritarian,
… Read more anti-capitalist, anti-oppressive philosophy, with the goal of creating an "equal ground" between the genders. Anarcha-
feminism suggests the social
freedom and liberty of women without needed dependence upon other groups or parties. Anarcha-
feminism began with late 19th and early 20th century authors and theorists such as anarchist feminists
Emma Goldman,
Voltairine de Cleyre, Milly Witkop,
Lucía Sánchez Saornil, and Lucy Parsons. In the Spanish Civil
War, an anarcha-
feminist group,
Mujeres Libres ("Free Women"), linked to the Federación Anarquista Ibérica, organized to defend both anarchist and
feminist ideas.
A
black bloc is a tactic used by anti-capitalist protesters who wear black clothing, ski masks, scarves, sunglasses, motorcycle helmets with padding, or other face-concealing and face-protecting items. The clothing is used to conceal wearers' identities and hinder criminal prosecution by making it difficult to distinguish between participants. It is also used to protect their faces and eyes from pepper spray, which is used by police during protests or civil unrest. The tactic allows the group to appear as one large unified mass.
Black bloc participants are often associated with
anarchism,
anarcho-communism,
communism, libertarian
socialism, antifascism, or the anti-
globalization movement.
…
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The tactic was developed in the 1980s in the European autonomist movement's protests against squatter evictions,
nuclear power, and restrictions on abortion, as well as other influences. Black blocs gained broader media attention outside
Europe during the 1999 Seattle WTO protests when a
black bloc damaged property of various
multinationals.
Diversity of tactics is a phenomenon wherein a social movement makes periodic use of force for disruptive or defensive purposes, stepping beyond the limits of
nonviolence, but also stopping short of total militarization. It also refers to the theory which asserts this to be the most effective strategy of
civil disobedience for social change.
Diversity of tactics may promote
nonviolent tactics, or armed
resistance, or a range of methods in between, depending on the level of
repression the political movement is facing.
"
We Can Do It!" is an
American World
War II wartime poster produced by J. Howard Miller in 1943 for Westinghouse Electric as an inspirational image to boost female worker morale. The poster was rediscovered in the early 1980s and widely reproduced in many forms, often called "
We Can Do It!" but also called "
Rosie the Riveter" after the iconic figure of a strong female
war production worker. The "
We Can Do It!" image was used to promote
feminism and other political issues beginning in the 1980s. In subsequent years, the poster was re-appropriated to promote
feminism. Feminists saw in the image an embodiment of female
empowerment. The "We" was understood to mean "We Women", uniting all
… Read more women in a sisterhood fighting against gender inequality. Today, the image has become very widely known, far beyond its narrowly defined purpose during WWII.
Printed in USA
