Ultras are a type of association
football fans who are renowned for their fanatical support. The behavioral tendency of
ultras groups includes their use of flares (primarily in tifo choreography), vocal support in large groups, and the displaying of banners at
football stadiums, all of which are designed to create an atmosphere that encourages their own team and intimidates the opposing players and their supporters. The frequent use of elaborate displays in stadiums is also common. The actions of
ultras groups are occasionally extreme and they may be influenced by political ideologies such as
socialism, or views on
racism, which range from avowedly nationalist to
anti-fascist.
Several
… Read more Non-League
football teams in England have
ultras groups that are left-wing,
anti-fascist,
anti-racist, and
anti-sexist.
Hooliganism includes any form of confrontation between opposing
football fans which can occur in a variety of ways before, during, or after the match either at the stadium or elsewhere.
Football hooliganism normally involves
conflict between gangs, in English known as
football firms, formed to intimidate and attack supporters of other teams. Participants often select locations away from stadiums to avoid arrest by the police, but
conflict can also erupt spontaneously inside the stadium or in the surrounding streets. This movement was born in the
working class of the '60s. It's simply workers who went to
football matches and
fight the enemy supporters to defend their
football club. At
… Read more first, the movement was not politicized, it justs lauded physical force and aggressivity. But then, the movement became political by joining the skinhead movement, which came to
football stadiums in order to recruit young workers to join the subculture. Riots, another component of
hooliganism, develop more frequently as
hooligans travel in firms, leading
hooligans to encounter one another more easily. As stadium policing increased, firms met in the streets or other public locations to dodge law enforcement, which enabled riots. The slogan ACAB (All Cops Are Bastards) is very popular among the
hooligan movement.
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