Nestor Makhno was a Ukrainian anarchist
revolutionary and the commander of the
Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of
Ukraine, also known as
Makhnovtchina (translated as "Makhno movement") or the Anarchist Black Army because they fought under the anarchist
black flag. They protected the operation of "free soviets" and libertarian communes in the Free Territory, an attempt to form a stateless anarcho-
communist society from 1918 to 1921. Makhnovists communities were administered by autonomous peasants' and workers' councils at the local level. At its formation, the Black Army consisted of about 15,000 armed troops, including infantry, cavalry brigades, and artillery detachments were incorporated
… Read more into each regiment. The
Makhnovtchina battled against the Whites forces (counter-revolutionaries), Ukrainian nationalists, and various independent paramilitary organizations.
Makhno and the movement's leadership were anarcho-
communists and attempted to guide the movement along these ideological lines. Makhno was aggressively opposed to all factions that sought to impose their authority over southern
Ukraine. He is also credited as the inventor of the Tachanka, a horse-drawn carriage with a mounted heavy machine gun. Makhno and his supporters attempted to reorganize social and economic life along anarchist lines, including the establishment of communes on former landed estates, the requisition and egalitarian redistribution of land to the peasants, and the
organization of free
elections to local soviets (councils) and regional congresses. Makhno also played an important role in the development of platformism and the debates around the 1926 Organizational Platform of the General Union of Anarchists.
Insurrectionary
anarchism is a
revolutionary theory and tendency within the anarchist movement that emphasizes insurrection as a
revolutionary practice. It is critical of formal organizations such as labor unions and federations that are based on a political program and periodic congresses. Instead, insurrectionary anarchists advocate informal organizations and small affinity group-based organizations. Insurrectionary anarchists put value in attack, permanent class
conflict, and a refusal to negotiate or compromise with class enemies. An influential individualist concept of insurrection appears in the book of
Max Stirner, The Ego and Its Own from 1844.
The
Revolutionary… Read more Insurrectionary Army of
Ukraine, also known as the Black Army or
Makhnovtchina was an anarchist army formed largely of Ukrainian peasants and commanded by
Nestor Makhno. They protected the operation of "free soviets" and libertarian communes in the Free Territory, an attempt to form a stateless libertarian
communist society from 1918 to 1921 during the Ukrainian
War of Independence. They were founded and inspired based on the Black Guards.
The Informal Anarchist Federation (not to be confused with the synthesist Italian Anarchist Federation also FAI ) is an Italian insurrectionary anarchist
organization. It has been described by Italian intelligence sources as a "horizontal" structure of various anarchist terrorist groups, united in their beliefs in
revolutionary armed action.
Guerrilla warfare is a form of irregular warfare in which small groups of combatants, such as paramilitary personnel, armed civilians, or irregulars, use military tactics including ambushes,
sabotage, raids, petty warfare, hit-and-run tactics, and mobility, to
fight a larger and less-mobile traditional military.
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