The Black Panther Party (BPP) was a Black Power political organization founded by college students Bobby Seale and Huey P. Newton in 1966. The party was active in the United States between 1966 and 1982, with chapters in numerous major cities, and international chapters in Britain and Algeria. Upon its inception, the Black Panther Party's core practice was its open carry armed citizens' patrols (cop watching) to monitor the behavior of police officers and challenge police brutality in the city. Influent members include Fred Hampton, Kathleen Cleaver, Angela Davis, Erika Huggins, Charles Barron, Nelson Malloy, Bobby Rush
Inspired by Robert F. Williams' armed resistance
… Read more to the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) and Williams' book Negroes with Guns, Newton decided to organize patrols to follow the police around to monitor for incidents of brutality. But with a crucial difference: his patrols would carry loaded guns. Black Panther Party members were involved in many fatal firefights with police. Huey Newton allegedly killed officer John Frey in 1967, and Eldridge Cleaver led an ambush, in which two officers were wounded and Panther Bobby Hutton was killed. In 1969, the FBI developed an extensive counterintelligence program (COINTELPRO) of surveillance, infiltration police harassment, and many other tactics, designed to undermine Panther leadership, incriminate and assassinate party members. The program was responsible for the assassination of Fred Hampton and is accused of assassinating other Black Panther members, including Mark Clark.
The Black Panther Party first publicized its original "What We Want Now!" Ten-Point program on May 15, 1967
1) We want freedom. We want the power to determine the destiny of our Black Community.
2) We want full employment for our people.
3) We want an end to the robbery by the Capitalists of our Black Community.
4) We want decent housing, fit for the shelter of human beings.
5) We want education for our people that exposes the true nature of this decadent American society. We want an education that teaches us our true history and our role in present-day society.
6) We want all Black men to be exempt from military service.
7) We want an immediate end to POLICE BRUTALITY and MURDER of Black people.
8) We want freedom for all Black men held in federal, state, county, and city prisons and jails.
9) We want all Black people when brought to trial to be tried in court by a jury of their peer group or people from their Black Communities, as defined by the Constitution of the United States.
10) We want land, bread, housing, education, clothing, justice, and peace.
T-shirts featuring quotes by famous writers, historical figures, famous unionists, anarchist philosophers, and famous feminists.
T-shirts featuring famous historical figures such as Mahatma Gandhi, George Orwell, Martin Luther King, Malcolm X, and many other famous writers, anarchist philosophers, and notorious activists.
Black Lives Matter (BLM) is a decentralized political and social movement protesting against incidents of police brutality and all racially motivated violence against black people. The movement began in July 2013 with the use of the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter on social media after the acquittal of George Zimmerman in the shooting death of African-American teen Trayvon Martin 17 months earlier in February 2012. The movement became nationally recognized for street demonstrations following the 2014 deaths of two African Americans, that of Michael Brown—resulting in protests and unrest in Ferguson, Missouri, a city near St. Louis—and Eric Garner in New York City. Since the Ferguson protests,
… Read more participants in the movement have demonstrated against the deaths of numerous other African Americans by police actions or while in police custody. The overall Black Lives Matter movement is a decentralized network of activists with no formal hierarchy. The movement returned to national headlines and gained further international attention during the global George Floyd protests in 2020 following the murder of George Floyd by Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin. An estimated 15 million to 26 million people participated in the 2020 Black Lives Matter protests in the United States, making it one of the largest movements in the country's history.