Ultras are a type of association football fans who are renowned for their fanatical support. The behavioral tendency of ultras groups includes their use of flares (primarily in tifo choreography), vocal support in large groups, and the displaying of banners at football stadiums, all of which are designed to create an atmosphere that encourages their own team and intimidates the opposing players and their supporters. The frequent use of elaborate displays in stadiums is also common. The actions of ultras groups are occasionally extreme and they may be influenced by political ideologies such as socialism, or views on racism, which range from avowedly nationalist to anti-fascist.
Several
… Read more Non-League football teams in England have ultras groups that are left-wing, anti-fascist, anti-racist, and anti-sexist.
The two-flags Antifa logo is inspired by the original logo of the Antifaschistische Aktion a militant anti-fascist organization in Germany that existed from 1932 to 1933. It remains a widely used symbol of militant anti-fascism. The black flag represents anarchism and the red flag represents communists, both united against fascism.
Hooliganism includes any form of confrontation between opposing football fans which can occur in a variety of ways before, during, or after the match either at the stadium or elsewhere. Football hooliganism normally involves conflict between gangs, in English known as football firms, formed to intimidate and attack supporters of other teams. Participants often select locations away from stadiums to avoid arrest by the police, but conflict can also erupt spontaneously inside the stadium or in the surrounding streets. This movement was born in the working class of the '60s. It's simply workers who went to football matches and fight the enemy supporters to defend their football club. At
… Read more first, the movement was not politicized, it justs lauded physical force and aggressivity. But then, the movement became political by joining the skinhead movement, which came to football stadiums in order to recruit young workers to join the subculture. Riots, another component of hooliganism, develop more frequently as hooligans travel in firms, leading hooligans to encounter one another more easily. As stadium policing increased, firms met in the streets or other public locations to dodge law enforcement, which enabled riots. The slogan ACAB (All Cops Are Bastards) is very popular among the hooligan movement.